Comparative Techno-Economical Analysis on the Effect of Smart and V2G-Enabled Charging Strategies in Transformer Aging

The rising penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the grid presents both challenges and opportunities. To address this and promote advanced charging strategies, this study investigates the effects of various charging methods on transformers and their long-term economic impact on grid owners. The analysis includes uncontrolled charging, smart charging, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging strategies, with an aging model for transformers developed based on the IEEE C57.91 standard. The daily operational cost and annual cost have been analyzed using standard parameters, incorporating the Capital Recovery Factor (CRF). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of smart charging and V2G strategies in optimizing transformer loading and extending their lifecycle.