Study on the relationship between CXCL1, CXCL10, and prognosis in hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage: A comparative analysis of drainage and non-drainage cohorts

To investigate the relationship between serum CXCL1/CXCL10 levels and prognosis in hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage (HBGH), comparing patients treated with minimally invasive puncture and drainage (MIPD) to those managed conservatively. This observational study enrolled 173 HBGH patients undergoing MIPD (Drainage Group), 50 HBGH patients managed conservatively (Non-Drainage Group), and 121 healthy volunteers (Control Group). Serum levels of CXCL1, CXCL10, and neural injury markers (NSE, GFAP, S100β) were measured via ELISA at admission. Clinical and radiographic data were collected. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS: 0-2 good, 3-6 poor). Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and multivariable logistic regression. Serum levels of all biomarkers were significantly elevated in both patient groups versus controls (all P<0.05), with the highest levels in the Drainage Group. Positive correlations existed between chemokines and neural injury markers in both cohorts (all P<0.05). In the Drainage Group, poor prognosis was associated with older age, higher LDL, larger hematoma volume, lower 24-hour clearance rate, more frequent urokinase flushes, and elevated CXCL1/CXCL10 in univariate analysis. Multivariable analysis confirmed these as independent risk factors (all P<0.05). Elevated serum CXCL1 and CXCL10 are associated with neural injury and independently predict poor prognosis in severe HBGH requiring surgical drainage. Their prognostic value, alongside key clinical factors, aids in early risk stratification.