Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Submarine Magnetic Anomaly under Typical Motion Scenarios

Abstract Accurate modeling of submarine magnetic anomaly characteristics is a fundamental component in evaluating magnetic stealth capabilities. Previous studies have primarily focused on analyzing the spatial magnetic anomaly induced by stationary submarines, with insufficient attention given to the comprehensive impact mechanisms of varying speed, course, and depth in moving submarines. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of submarine magnetic anomaly under typical motion scenarios. Initially, a foundational research submarine model was established using the finite element method (FEM), followed by an examination of the spatiotemporal characteristics of magnetic anomaly during both routine cruise and evasive maneuver scenarios. The simulation results reveal several key findings: 1) During routine cruising, the magnetic anomaly induced by the submarine is not significantly affected by its speed, to reduce the risk of detection by aircraft with magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) sensors, submarines should maintain a relatively high speed to quickly exit hazardous waters. 2) During evasive maneuvering, the magnetic anomaly is slightly stronger when turning left than turning right at a fixed depth, and it is lower at larger elevator angles during emergency diving. Therefore, to reduce the risk of detection by aircraft, submarines should opt for a right rudder angle or a larger elevator angle. 3) When the angle remains the same during evasive maneuvering, submarine exhibits superior magnetic stealth capabilities in emergency diving compared to depth-fixed turning. 4) Combining a specific rightward rudder angle with an elevator angle is the most effective evasive maneuver for submarines. This approach ensures stability and safety by preventing excessive bow tilt and potential instability. The research methodology proposed in this paper has potential value to enhance the development of submarine magnetic stealth technologies.