Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence‐based deep learning models in detecting furcation involvement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Furcation involvement, a condition where the bone between the roots of a tooth is lost, makes managing gum disease more difficult and increases the risk of tooth loss. Clinical probing remains a reliable and essential method for detecting this condition, while dental X-rays can provide complementary information, particularly in complex cases. This study reviewed the use of deep learning, a type of artificial intelligence (AI), to detect furcation involvement on dental X-rays. Data from eight studies, including more than 7,800 dental radiographs of >12,000 molars, were analyzed and the results showed that deep learning models were highly accurate, performing similarly to expert dentists. Accuracy was slightly higher for lower jaw (mandibular) molars. The study suggests that these AI tools could help dentists detect furcation involvement more reliably. However, more research with larger and more diverse datasets is needed before these tools can be safely used in everyday dental practice.