Prevalence of Aspiration Pneumonia in Stroke Patients – A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Abstract Background: Aspiration pneumonia is a significant post-stroke complication leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding its prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for improving patient management and outcomes.1 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Postgraduate Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, over two years. 200 stroke patients were enrolled to assess aspiration pneumonia prevalence, demographic influences, radiological findings, and associated mortality rates. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.0, with Chi-square test and Student’s t-test applied.2 Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 62.99 ± 9.47 years, with 81.5% males and 18.5% females. Hypertension (40.5%) was the most common comorbidity. 42.5% of patients developed aspiration pneumonia, with its prevalence slightly higher in hemorrhagic strokes (43.15%) than ischemic strokes (41.91%), though the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.486). Mortality among aspiration pneumonia patients was 51.8%, reinforcing its severe impact. Conclusion: Aspiration pneumonia remains a major concern in stroke patients, particularly in the elderly and those with compromised neurological function. Routine screening and preventive strategies, including early dysphagia management and positioning techniques, are crucial to reducing mortality and morbidity.