Numerical modeling of electric arc in a low voltage breaking chamber

This work presents the development of a MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) model to simulate electric arc behavior in a low-voltage circuit breaker chamber. The modeling process began with a simplified geometry to validate key phenomena such as arc displacement, segmentation, and voltage rise, showing good agreement with literature. To approach realistic conditions, contact rotation was implemented using a layering technique, improving numerical accuracy and avoiding mesh deformation.A current-limiting mechanism and electrical network coupling were also introduced, enabling dynamic current input. These modules were integrated into a 3D geometry representing a real chamber, successfully reproducing arc evolution under realistic conditions. The model captures complex arc physics and helps in future design optimization of low-voltage devices.