Inclusion of older people in urban public spaces: evaluation and revitalization guidelines based on residential areas in Łódź

Motives: In response to the growing need to adapt urban environments to the requirements of an ageing population, this study examines the quality of the residential environment in selected housing estates in Łódź (Teofilów, Dąbrowa and Karolew). Aim: The aim was to identify spatial barriers affecting the everyday functioning of older residents and to formulate revitalization guidelines to improve the accessibility and usability of shared spaces. Results: The findings reveal both strengths and deficiencies of the studied areas, ranging from well-maintained green spaces to neglected pedestrian routes and limited functional accessibility. Particular attention was given to mobility-related needs of older residents and the potential for strengthening their social participation through appropriate spatial design. The proposed guidelines emphasize the potential of these estates to serve as inclusive everyday living environments, where physical quality is aligned with social integration and a sense of place.