Systematic Analysis and Goal-Based Categorization of Cross Layer Approaches in Ad Hoc Networks

Cross-layer design is a highly significant method of maximizing ad hoc network performance. Optimization may be made more challenging in particular situations with traditional tiered designs due to the possibility of a large gap between the stages. This may create throughput, latency and energy consumption issues. In that regard, this paper will critically review 69 articles published since 2002 based on cross-layer techniques in ad hoc networks. We consider the use of the combinations of the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, its purpose, and the methodology to be applied. Secondly, we employ an algorithm known as Frequent Pattern Growth (FPG) to analyze the frequency of various sets of layers that are chosen and optimize the sets. Our proposal introduces a new goal-based categorization model that identifies 10 overarching issues that are resolved by cross-layer solutions that comprise MIMO and beamforming, routing optimization, cooperative transmission, random access, resource reservation and multi-layer joint optimization.