Industry pricing tactics and cigarette demand reduction: a comparison of the 2018 and 2023 tax increases in Singapore

Singapore's 2023 tobacco tax increase was predictably more impactful than the 2018 increase, both in terms of price change and demand reduction. Industry pricing tactics blunted the effect of the 2018 tax but were less protective in 2023. Repeated, substantial tax increases, coupled with regulatory oversight of pricing practices, are important to maximise public health impacts.