Clinical evaluation of different bone graft materials in sinus lifting

The article presents a review of clinical studies from the last 5 years on the effectiveness of various bone graft materials in sinus lifting. The analysis covers 8 studies with a sample of 448 patients. Autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and synthetic grafts are discussed, along with their impact on histological regeneration, clinical implant outcomes, and complications. Autogenous bone provides the highest proportion of new bone but is associated with high resorption and invasiveness. Allogeneic and xenogeneic materials yield lower but more stable results by maintaining volume due to slow resorption. Combinations of materials (e.g., autogenous + xenogeneic) and the addition of biological factors (platelets, bone marrow) showed comparable or better outcomes. The use of patient’s own tooth material and gene-activated matrices also demonstrated promise. Clinical outcomes remain high regardless of the material used. Complications (perforations, infections) are rare and not dependent on the type of material. The choice of approach should be individualized, considering anatomy and clinical situation, as no material showed absolute superiority.