Innate resistance to African swine fever virus: current knowledge and future directions

This review explores the biological basis and epidemiological implications of natural resistance to ASFV. It dispels the misconception that African wild suids are persistent virus reservoirs and clarifies the role of Ornithodoros ticks in virus maintenance and transmission. Resistance mechanisms appear multifactorial, potentially involving host genetics and immune responses. Genomic studies have begun identifying genes potentially linked to ASFV resistance, including in pigs from areas with more recent ASF incursions. Understanding and harnessing natural resistance is a promising avenue to develop ASFV-resilient pig populations, especially for smallholder farmers in resource-limited settings. While vaccines remain limited, promoting and protecting naturally resistant pigs offers an immediate, practical tool to mitigate the impact of ASF in endemic regions.