Impact of polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism on cardiorespiratory fitness

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are common endocrine disorders that significantly affect women’s health and overall well-being. These conditions are influenced by both genetic factors and epigenetic changes, highlighting their complex interplay. Hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunctions, often linked to these disorders, lead to various clinical symptoms and reproductive difficulties. Obesity is also frequently seen in individuals with PCOS and hypothyroidism. For healthcare providers and researchers, understanding the high prevalence and overlapping features of these conditions is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Aims and Objectives: The main goal of this study was to assess and compare cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among three groups: healthy women, women with PCOS, and women with both PCOS and hypothyroidism. Additionally, the study sought to determine the specific effect of hypothyroidism on CRF in women diagnosed with PCOS. Materials and Methods: The study included 56 female participants: 33 with PCOS, 10 with both PCOS and hypothyroidism, and 13 healthy controls. All were recruited from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department at Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital, Delhi, India. Informed written consent was obtained from every participant. Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), and CRF was evaluated through the 3-min YMCA step test. No participants withdrew from the study. Results: The data revealed a significant reduction in both PA levels (as measured by IPAQ scores) and CRF across all participant groups. Conclusion: The findings indicated that hypothyroidism did not further decrease CRF in individuals with PCOS.