Association between computed tomography scan findings, lung function, and functional capacity in patients with COVID-19

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in several long-term complications among recovered patients, including impairments in lung function and physical capacity. Although radiological assessments, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, are commonly used to evaluate lung involvement, the correlation between imaging results and long-term functional outcomes remains insufficiently studied. Aim: To examine the relationship between CT scan findings, pulmonary function, and functional capacity in individuals recovering from COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study involved 53 patients diagnosed with mild-to-severe COVID-19, each with a CT severity score ranging from 0 to 25. Assessments were conducted 6 months after the initial infection. They included the following tests: • Cardiorespiratory endurance: 6-minute walk test (6MWT) • Lower-limb muscle strength: 30-second chair stand test • Balance: single leg stance test • Gait speed: 10-meter walk test • Pulmonary function: pulmonary function tests • Health-related quality of life (QOL): SF-12 questionnaire Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between CT severity scores, pulmonary function, and different aspects of functional capacity. Results: Significant negative correlations were found between CT severity scores and the following measures: • 6MWT ( r = −0.656, P < 0.001) • 30-second chair stand test ( r = −0.574, P < 0.001) • single leg stance test ( r = −0.371, P < 0.001) • QOL ( r = −0.679, P < 0.001). No correlation was observed between CT severity score and gait speed or pulmonary function ( P > 0.05). Additionally, no notable association was found between pulmonary function and functional capacity. Conclusion: Associations were observed between CT scan severity and reduced cardiorespiratory endurance, leg muscle strength, and QOL 6 months following COVID-19 infection. These findings highlight the need for long-term pulmonary rehabilitation programs, including aerobic and strength training, to improve the overall physical function and well-being among COVID-19 survivors.