Assessing Thermal Requirements for Lebanese Greenhouses via Computational Analysis

In Lebanon, research related to energy consumption rates in plastic greenhouses is increasingly important, as these structures are a fundamental pillar of the agricultural sector, especially in areas prone to severe weather fluctuations. Amid current challenges and the scarcity of energy sources, understanding how energy is consumed is essential for increasing production levels and reducing expenses. Efficient management of protected houses requires familiarity with the climatic and environmental factors that affect crops, in order to implement productive management methods suitable for different seasons. Heating systems, which represent an important part of the costs, need precise regulation to avoid negative impacts on the quality and quantity of production. Reducing reliance on imports becomes possible by improving productivity through precise control of heating systems, which helps increase local production and supports the national economy. In this context, the study included the development of a computer program that assesses the heating needs of plastic greenhouses based on multiple data points such as location, crop type, covering materials, and the heating system used. The results indicated that Lebanon needs 2.54 megawatts of energy for the greenhouses, with the Baalbek-Hermel plain recording the highest consumption rates at 1.6 megawatts. Looking at regions such as Akkar, Al -janob, Al-shamal, and Al-Jabal, we find that consumption amounts to 0.465, 0.134, 0.154, and 1.89 megawatts, respectively. Optimal heating control led to energy consumption of 0.96, 1.02, 0.361, and 0.193 MW for tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, and green beans, respectively, contributing to food security and reducing the need for imports. This study emphasizes the importance of investing in scientific research and applying technology to achieve sustainable and efficient agriculture, contributing to the development of the Lebanese economy and environmental protection, while providing job opportunities and improving the living standards of farmers.