Exploring the role of GIS in emergency management and disaster response in Nigeria: a qualitative study

Abstract Background: Effective disaster management strategies, especially the use of geographic information systems (GIS), are vital for reducing the impacts of disasters. This study aims to examine and assess the role of GIS in emergency management and disaster response in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study used a qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews to explore participants’ perspectives. Respondents were purposively chosen based on predefined inclusion criteria relevant to the study goals. Data collection continued until thematic saturation was achieved, ensuring comprehensive insights. Interviews took place in a comfortable environment, were recorded with consent, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using QDA Miner (version 6), which helped systematically organize, code, and retrieve qualitative data. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines was followed to maintain transparency, credibility, and rigor throughout the study. Results: The findings indicated that GIS greatly improves situational awareness, decision-making, and response coordination during emergencies. However, its adoption is still limited due to insufficient funding, a lack of technical expertise, and weak institutional structures. Participants emphasized the need to strengthen infrastructure and policy support to facilitate more effective GIS integration into disaster management. Conclusion: GIS technology is widely recognized as a valuable tool for enhancing the emergency response. However, challenges such as limited skills, funding shortages, and inadequate infrastructure hinder its effective application. To realize the full potential of GIS, policymakers need to focus on building capacity, allocating resources, and promoting collaboration among relevant agencies.