High circulating PCSK9 concentration is associated with increased and sex-specific risks of metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus, MASLD, and long-term mortality in a Taiwanese population

High circulating PCSK9 concentration is independently associated with increased risks of IR, MetS, DM, MASLD, and all-cause and cancer mortality, indicating poor metabolic profiles and outcomes in the Taiwanese population. These associations are stronger in women, highlighting the importance of sex-specific risk evaluation in metabolic diseases and long-term outcomes.