A Form-Finding and Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Discrete Shell Design Studies

This study presents an adaptive computational technique that applies form-finding, assesses structural performance, and optimizes architectural form and production cost for discrete shell design. The approach generates design alternatives that balance objectives under architectural and structural constraints, considering spatial and functional needs. To realize the method, a multi-objective evolutionary optimization workflow is formulated. The relaxation-based design method explores equilibrium shapes corresponding to an input geometry to create a discrete shell consisting of timber cassette elements. The finite element analytical model evaluates nodal displacements through large deformation analysis. The architectural constraints related to spatial use and structural constraints regarding system stability are introduced to the optimization workflow alongside the decision variables. The optimization algorithm minimizes production cost while generating a resembling discrete approximation of a continuum architectural surface. The viability of the approach is demonstrated in two distinct cases of discrete shell design problems to create suitable design alternatives.