Perioperative decline in quantitative and qualitative tear film parameters in clinically healthy mesocephalic Canis familiaris under general anesthesia: A prospective study

GA causes a significant decline in the quantity and quality of the PTF, with incomplete recovery by discharge despite the return of spontaneous blinking. These findings emphasize the need for proactive perioperative ocular surface protection and highlight TF and TO as useful early indicators of anesthesia-related ocular surface impairment in mesocephalic <i>Canis familiaris</i>.