Molecular epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida in cats: First multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based insights from Iran

Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic bacterium commonly found in the oropharyngeal microbiota of cats; despite its clinical relevance, molecular data on feline isolates in Iran remain limited. This study aimed to provide molecular and phenotypic characterization of P. multocida isolates obtained from feline sources in Iran. This study characterized 18 P. multocida isolates recovered from oral swabs of cats previously sampled in Ahvaz, Iran. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation targeting the kmt1 gene, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed using the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) scheme. The MLST analysis assigned the 18 isolates to 14 distinct sequence types (STs). High genetic diversity was observed, with no ST dominating the population. Our results identified several STs, including ST30, ST344, ST487, and ST551, that have been reported worldwide, highlighting their epidemiological relevance. This study provides the first MLST data for feline P. multocida in Iran and contributes to global understanding of the species' genetic diversity.