Interplay of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Demographics in Asymptomatic Young Adults

A BSTRACT Background: There is limited data on the correlation between lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in asymptomatic young adults, particularly when accounting for demographic variables such as age, gender, residence, and body mass index (BMI). The study assessed the lipid profile abnormalities and their relationship with HbA1c and various demographic variables in a young adult patient cohort reporting for routine health checkups at our hospital. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 301 asymptomatic outpatients aged 18–40 years from a tertiary care hospital. Demographic variables (age, gender, residence, and BMI), lipid profile, HbA1c, kidney function, and NT-proBNP levels were recorded. Statistical analysis included independent t -test/analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney/Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Pearson correlation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 31.49 ± 6.9 years, with 64.78% males and nearly equal urban–rural distribution. Patients aged ≥30 years had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C, triglycerides (TGs), VLDL-C, and non-HDL cholesterol. Males showed higher TGs, VLDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol, and TC/HDL ratio, whereas females had higher HDL-C. Lipid abnormalities increased with BMI, but HbA1c did not significantly vary across demographic categories. Correlation analysis revealed that HbA1c was positively associated with TGs ( r = 0.353, P = 0.001) and VLDL-C ( r = 0.353, P = 0.001), but not with other lipid parameters. Conclusion: HbA1c correlates significantly with TGs and VLDL-C in asymptomatic individuals, indicating its potential role as an early marker of metabolic dysregulation. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and BMI strongly influence lipid profiles, but not HbA1c. These findings highlight the importance of integrated screening of glycemic and lipid parameters for early cardiovascular risk assessment, even in nondiabetic populations.