Exploring global optometric training programs: a scoping review

Background An overview of global optometric training programs, highlighting critical gaps in eye care education. This enables targeted efforts to reduce preventable blindness, improve healthcare access, and enhance the quality of life in underserved regions. Methods World Bank data from 2022 was used to determine country populations. A systematic Google search was conducted to review and compile a list of optometric educational programs as of 2023. In cases where no institution was found, email inquiries were sent to optometric associations, community optometrists, or national health departments. Scope of practice data were sourced through Google searches aligning with the World Council of Optometry (WCO) Global Competency-Based Model of Scope of Practice in Optometry. The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) atlas was utilized to ascertain the number of practicing optometrists and ophthalmologists per region. Results Out of 224 countries and territories, 96 were found to have established optometric educational programs, comprising approximately 489 optometric training programs globally, majority located in Asia and the Middle East. These programs span various educational levels, including license, diploma, Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate, with Bachelor’s being the most common. Conclusions Optometry is a relatively new profession with significant variability in definition and scope of practice across countries. The lack of standardization in curricula, degree types, and years of training presents challenges in understanding optometric education. Establishing optometric training programs in underserved areas could reduce preventable blindness, improve quality of life, and create more efficient healthcare systems by fostering the development of in-country optometric providers.