A qualitative exploration of critical issues limiting local vaccines production in Nigeria: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

The study provides insight into systemic and structural barriers to local vaccine production in Nigeria. It identifies key areas requiring urgent intervention, which include funding, infrastructure, human capacity, and regulatory reform. Addressing these gaps through multi-level strategies is critical for improving vaccine self-sufficiency. Evidence from this study can help develop contextual strategies that will expedite vaccine production and Medicines' Security in Nigeria.