The Influence of mangrove arrangement on wave transmission using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Mangroves have been proven for their role as a natural barrier to various environmental risks such as abrasion and erosion. It helped improve water quality, reducing storms and providing habitat for marine species. Not only playing an essential role in maintaining the water surface, Mangroves have a crucial role in several aspects such as ecology, economy, and socio-culture. This study aims to understand the effects of the arrangement and length of mangrove trees in wave transmission. The present study is performed on the mesh-free CFD method, i.e., the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which was developed for free surface flow problems and complex interactions. Three variations of mangrove trees are used,i.e., uniform 0.3 m, random 0.3 m, and random 0.15 m. The piston wavemaker is based on a previous study that has been validated with experiments. The simulation results indicate 0.15 m variations in a gap for the transverse line on the longitudinal provide maximum wave transmission reduction. The wave transmission value produced by the mangrove forest is relatively small. Additionally, the wave energy result decreased significantly after passing through the mangroves.