Current Choice of Operations for Vaginoplasty: A Review of Techniques and Outcomes

Introduction: Vaginal agenesis, most frequently associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, continues to pose reconstructive challenges.The objective of vaginoplasty is to create a functional vagina capable of menstruation, satisfactory sexual function, and potential fertility when functional uterine tissue exists.Aims: To summarize and compare the available surgical techniques of vaginoplasty with emphasis on laparoscopic approaches and their outcomes.Materials and methods: This review analyzes historical and contemporary techniques, including Frank's dilation, McIndoe, Vecchietti, Davydov, bowel vaginoplasty, Wharton-Sheares-George technique, and laparoscopic uteroneovaginal anastomosis.The authors' own laparoscopic experience and outcomes are included for illustration.Results: Minimally invasive approaches such as Davydov and uteroneovaginal anastomosis have shown superior anatomical, functional, and cosmetic outcomes with minimal morbidity.Conclusions: The choice of vaginoplasty must be individualized.Laparoscopic techniques represent the modern gold standard for safe and effective reconstruction.