A Frequency Stability Improving of Microgrids Using Virtual Inertia Control Based on PID and PIDA Controller

Traditional generating units are being increasingly replaced by renewable energy sources, which negatively affect the frequency stability and system inertia of the microgrid , thereby weakening its overall stability. Frequency stability is the key concern in islanded MG, as the integration of RESs increases the system’s sensitivity to frequency disturbance. This study presents, away to control the disturbance of MGs that are introduced due to changes in the load and variation of RESs such as wind turbine and photovoltaic . As a result of this disturbance, the rate of change of frequency is high. A load frequency control was implemented to improve the MG’s frequency. Therefore, the LFC model for MG is built on MATLAB/Simulink, then a virtual inertial controller using a battery source is added to sustain inertia MG against variations of RESs and load. Proportional-Integral Derivative and Proportional-Integral-Derivative Acceleration controllers are used in the LFC model for minimizing the frequency rate of change. The MG system is assessed under different load patterns, in addition to the power variation patterns of wind and solar generation. A comparison of the VI, PID, and PIDA controllers reveals that the PIDA controller outperforms the VI and PID controllers. In the RESs and load variation scenario, the suggested controller reduced the maximum frequency deviation from 25.68 Hz to 0.06 Hz and decreased the integral absolute error in RESs and load variation, demonstrating dynamic performance under all disturbance scenarios. Finally, the PIDA controller gave the most effective rising of frequency stability.