Pain Relief During Cystoscopic Ureteral Stent Extraction by Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial

TEAS effectively reduces procedural and post-procedural pain during cystoscopic ureteral stent extraction without affecting hemodynamic stability. Notably, the analgesic effect of TEAS demonstrated gender-specific temporal patterns (Time × Gender interaction, <i>p</i> = 0.006), being more pronounced in female patients, while remaining consistently effective across all age groups. These findings support TEAS as a valuable non-pharmacological analgesic adjunct in outpatient urological procedures, though further multicenter and heterogeneous population studies are warranted to validate its generalizability.