Knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of bilateral mastectomy in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Saudi Arabia. Its incidence has been steadily rising among Arab women over the past two decades. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) is a preventive option for high-risk individuals, yet public awareness remains limited. Aim: This study aimed to assess the awareness, attitudes, and acceptance of BPM as a preventive measure for BC among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in December 2024 among the residents of Makkah using a structured online questionnaire. Individuals of both genders were eligible to participate. Ethical approval was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee at Umm Al-Qura University. Statistical Methods Used: Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the participants’ sociodemographic data, knowledge, and attitudes toward BPM. Results: Among 402 participants, 80.3% were aware of BC, but only 40.0% correctly identified BPM as the removal of both breasts for preventive purposes. While 79.9% correctly recognized that multiple methods are used for BC detection, significant misconceptions persisted regarding BPM. Conclusion: Despite the high overall awareness of BC, knowledge and acceptance of BPM remain limited. The findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive education campaigns to address misconceptions and improve understanding of BPM as a preventive strategy.