Relation of Fetal Renal Artery Doppler and Perinatal Outcome for Idiopathic Oligohydramnios and Polyhydramnios

Background: Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are two common abnormalities of amniotic fluid volume that affect pregnancy outcome. Fetal renal artery Doppler is a non-invasive ultrasound technique used to assess fetal renal perfusion. Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate relationship between Fetal renal artery Doppler results and pregnancy outcomes in patients with idiopathic abnormal amniotic fluid indices. Patients and methods: This is a prospective case-control study involving 115 pregnant women recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Medicine Beni- Suef University Hospital. A total of 115 patients without signs of fetal distress were included in the study; 41 idiopathic oligohydramnios and 37 idiopathic polyhydramnios and 37 normal pregnancies (Control). All Patients were matched for maternal age, weight and parity. The study will involve full medical and surgical history, clinical examination including height, weight, and vital data, abdominal examination, and labs including CBC, LFT, RFT, PT, PC, FBS, 2HPP, and HBA1C. Doppler ultrasound will be used to measure the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the umbilical artery (UA), and fetal renal artery (RA) at 22 weeks, 28 weeks, 34 weeks, Comparing renal artery Doppler indices (PI, RI) and umbilical artery (UA) at 22, 28 and 34 weeks in three groups. Results: There were no significant differences in age, weight, previous deliveries, primigravida, and parity. However, Doppler US measurements at different weeks showed significant findings for the fetal renal artery, while the umbilical artery did not yield significant results. The amniotic fluid index differed significantly among the groups. Additionally, there were significant differences in fetal weight but not in the mean APGAR score for pregnancy outcomes. The indication for ICU did not differ significantly between the groups. Renal artery PI value was higher in oligohydramnios group than normal and poly hydramnios group at 22, 28 and 34 weeks. In the oligohydramnios group, doppler U/S evaluation identified an increase in the fetal renal artery PI value Conclusion: Variations in the PI values of the renal arteries could be used to forecast the occurrence of oligohydramnios. Low renal artery PI levels were associated with polyhydramnios, a pregnancy characterized by elevated amniotic fluid index.