Fresh and Marine Water Fish Diseases and Control: A Review

Fishes are cold-blooded vertebrates and have aquatic adaptation by means of gills, paired fins, and lateral line system etc. Rapid growth of human population and shortage of protein rich food, resulted in increasing use of aquatic animals like fish as food, which is easily digested, tasty and rich in nutrients. To meet this increasing demand farmers are attracted towards the field of aquaculture which can also provide crucial economic support. However, like human and other animals, fishes are also affected by several diseases. Various stress factors like inadequate physiochemical and microbial content of culture water and poor nutrition status can lead infection by parasite, opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogen and cause threat of disease in fishes. Besides this acute level of polluted water can directly bring abnormalities in fish seeds and adults, leading to an increase in fish morbidity and mortality rate. It is important to keep them healthy at early stage by better caring to increase production and quality. Therefore, the present review focus on common fresh and marine water fish disease, symptoms, features and their treatment, aiming to promote higher and sustainable fish production in aquaculture industry.