Nationwide Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Saudi Arabia: A Population-Based Analysis for 2021

This study provides a comprehensive population-based estimate of HCC prevalence in Saudi Arabia, demonstrating substantial gender and age disparities in disease burden. The predominance of HCC in males and elderly populations underscores the need for targeted epidemiological research to identify modifiable risk factors, particularly given the markedly lower prevalence of alcohol-related liver disease compared to global HCC endemic regions. The methodological framework utilizing integration of incidence, population-based survival data, and WHO standardization provides a replicable model for disease burden estimation in countries with limited prevalence survey infrastructure. Future research should focus on disease etiology, including the role of chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, and the evolving patterns of liver disease in Saudi Arabia.