Lethal and Sublethal Effects of the Novel cis-Nitromethylene Neonicotinoid Cycloxaprid on the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

<i>Myzus persicae</i> is a worldwide insect pest with high resistance to many traditional insecticides. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide, is effective in controlling neonicotinoid-resistant insect pests. Lethal and sublethal effects of cycloxaprid on <i>M. persicae</i> were conducted in this study. Results showed that cycloxaprid had higher toxicity to the laboratory and field resistant <i>M. persicae</i> than imidacloprid. Because of the resistance, imidacloprid showed lower control efficacy (<60%) against <i>M. persicae</i>, which falls short of the efficacy required for practical agricultural management. However, cycloxaprid exhibited higher control efficacies (>84.79%) against <i>M. persicae</i> in the field. In addition, in order to quantify the sublethal impacts of cycloxaprid, we conducted a life table analysis on <i>M. persicae</i>. When resistant <i>M. persicae</i> was treated with LC₂₅ of cycloxaprid or imidacloprid, the longevity and fecundity of F₁ adults were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r_m</i>), finite rate of increase (<i>λ</i>) and net reproduction rate (<i>R_i</i>) of F1 generation <i>M. persicae</i> were reduced in cycloxaprid and imidacloprid treatments. Therefore, cycloxaprid shows high potential as a candidate insecticide for managing imidacloprid-resistant <i>M. persicae</i>. Importantly, our laboratory data indicate that exposure to its low sublethal concentration (LC₂₅) inhibits population growth parameters, suggesting a low risk of inducing pest resurgence under such conditions.