Multi‐Satellite Collaborative Wildfire Emergency Observation Scheduling Based on Immune Mechanism and Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm <scp>II</scp>

ABSTRACT Wildfire disasters have become increasingly frequent, leading to serious ecological disasters and causing a large number of casualties. Remote sensing plays a crucial role in wildfire emergency observation, but separate satellite observations usually cannot meet the requirements for timely and accurate monitoring. Collaborative multi‐satellite remote sensing is a feasible approach to fire emergency observation and has received extensive attention. However, developing an effective multi‐satellite observation plan is a complex NP‐hard problem due to the varying satellite orbit and sensor configurations. This paper presents the Immune Mechanism Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (IM‐NSGA‐II) to address this challenge. This study (1) aligns satellite sensor resources with wildfire characteristics through a dataset based on disaster monitoring needs; (2) designs a generation model for Satellite Observation Stripe Coverage Possibilities (SCP) to create the Set of SCP (SCP_Set) for each satellite as solution space for multi‐satellite observation scheduling; (3) proposes an optimization method of hybrid immune operation and NSGA‐II to determine the optimal multi‐satellite observation scheme for wildfire. An experiment is conducted on wildfires along the China‐Mongolia border to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the field of wildfire emergency observation. This algorithm provides a novel approach for multi‐satellite collaborative observation in disaster response and other fields.