Risk factors for drug-induced liver injury in people with HIV on anti-tuberculosis treatment

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a well-recognized adverse drug reaction associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT), with higher prevalence in people living with HIV (PLWH) concurrently receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The incidence of DILI varies widely, ranging from 5% to 33% in patients taking ATT, and from 9% to 30% in those on both ATT and ART, depending on the treatment regimen. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of DILI in PLWH. We conducted a retrospective case–control study involving 121 patients from August 2015 to December 2023. The study population was PLWH co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) receiving guidelines-based ATT. Fifty cases with DILI and 71 controls without liver injury were identified. Moderate DILI was observed in 14 patients (27%), and severe DILI in 37 patients (73%). DILI was diagnosed after a median interval of 32.6 days (IQR: 8–47.2), with 56% diagnosed within 30 days and 86% within 60 days of ATT initiation. Baseline BMI, CD4 T cell levels, ALT, and concomitant use of ART were associated with DILI. Furthermore, DILI was associated with increased 3-month all-cause mortality (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.66–24.7). A low BMI, high baseline ALT, concomitant ART, and low CD4 T cell levels at the time of TB diagnosis were associated with higher odds of DILI in PLWH. Targeted interventions on these risk factors may help reduce DILI incidence in PLWH and improve clinical outcomes. La lesión hepática inducida por fármacos (DILI) es una reacción adversa asociada al tratamiento para tuberculosis (TB), particularmente prevalente en personas con VIH que reciben terapia antirretroviral (TAR). La incidencia de DILI varía entre 5-33% en pacientes que reciben tratamiento para TB y 9-30% en aquellos con tratamiento para TB y TAR, dependiendo del esquema. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo para DILI en esta población. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles que incluyó 121 adultos con VIH y TB, quienes recibieron tratamiento para TB basado en guías clínicas, entre 2015 y 2023. Se identificaron 50 casos con DILI y 71 controles sin lesión hepática. Se observó DILI moderado en 14 pacientes (27%) y DILI grave en 37 pacientes (73%). Se diagnosticó DILI tras una mediana de 32.6 días (IQR: 8-47.2), 56% durante los primeros 30 días y 86% durante los primeros 60 días desde el inicio del tratamiento. El IMC, los niveles de albúmina y ALT, y el uso concomitante de TAR se asociaron con DILI. La presencia de DILI se asoció con un aumento en la mortalidad general a 3 meses (OR: 6.4, IC95%: 1.66-24.7). IMC bajo, ALT basal alto, uso de TAR y conteo de células T CD4 al momento del diagnóstico de TB se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de desarrollar DILI en personas con VIH. Intervenciones dirigidas podrían reducir la incidencia de DILI en esta población y mejorar desenlaces clínicos.

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Publication Details

Journal
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Published
2025-12-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503041
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.56
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article

Risk factors for drug-induced liver injury in people with HIV on anti-tuberculosis treatment

Sergio Zuñiga-Quiñonez, Guillermo Alanis-Sánchez, J.A. Velarde-Ruiz Velasco, Luz Alicia González-Hernández et al.
1 citations
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
1.56
article

Risk factors for drug-induced liver injury in people with HIV on anti-tuberculosis treatment

Sergio Zuñiga-Quiñonez, Guillermo Alanis-Sánchez, J.A. Velarde-Ruiz Velasco, Luz Alicia González-Hernández, Fernando Amador-Lara, Pedro Martínez-Ayala, Moisés Salgado-de la Mora, Christian Gerardo Alfaro-Rivera, J.M. Aldana-Ledesma, Vida Verónica Ruíz-Herrera, Jaime Federico Andrade-Villanueva, Paulina Alejandra Sánchez-Álvarez
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a well-recognized adverse drug reaction associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT), with higher prevalence in people living with HIV (PLWH) concurrently receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The incidence of DILI varies widely, ranging from 5% to 33% in patients taking ATT, and from 9% to 30% in those on both ATT and ART, depending on the treatment regimen. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of DILI in PLWH. We conducted a retrospective case–control study involving 121 patients from August 2015 to December 2023. The study population was PLWH co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) receiving guidelines-based ATT. Fifty cases with DILI and 71 controls without liver injury were identified. Moderate DILI was observed in 14 patients (27%), and severe DILI in 37 patients (73%). DILI was diagnosed after a median interval of 32.6 days (IQR: 8–47.2), with 56% diagnosed within 30 days and 86% within 60 days of ATT initiation. Baseline BMI, CD4 T cell levels, ALT, and concomitant use of ART were associated with DILI. Furthermore, DILI was associated with increased 3-month all-cause mortality (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.66–24.7). A low BMI, high baseline ALT, concomitant ART, and low CD4 T cell levels at the time of TB diagnosis were associated with higher odds of DILI in PLWH. Targeted interventions on these risk factors may help reduce DILI incidence in PLWH and improve clinical outcomes. La lesión hepática inducida por fármacos (DILI) es una reacción adversa asociada al tratamiento para tuberculosis (TB), particularmente prevalente en personas con VIH que reciben terapia antirretroviral (TAR). La incidencia de DILI varía entre 5-33% en pacientes que reciben tratamiento para TB y 9-30% en aquellos con tratamiento para TB y TAR, dependiendo del esquema. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo para DILI en esta población. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles que incluyó 121 adultos con VIH y TB, quienes recibieron tratamiento para TB basado en guías clínicas, entre 2015 y 2023. Se identificaron 50 casos con DILI y 71 controles sin lesión hepática. Se observó DILI moderado en 14 pacientes (27%) y DILI grave en 37 pacientes (73%). Se diagnosticó DILI tras una mediana de 32.6 días (IQR: 8-47.2), 56% durante los primeros 30 días y 86% durante los primeros 60 días desde el inicio del tratamiento. El IMC, los niveles de albúmina y ALT, y el uso concomitante de TAR se asociaron con DILI. La presencia de DILI se asoció con un aumento en la mortalidad general a 3 meses (OR: 6.4, IC95%: 1.66-24.7). IMC bajo, ALT basal alto, uso de TAR y conteo de células T CD4 al momento del diagnóstico de TB se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de desarrollar DILI en personas con VIH. Intervenciones dirigidas podrían reducir la incidencia de DILI en esta población y mejorar desenlaces clínicos.

Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Universidad de Guadalajara (MX), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (MX), Hospital Civil de Guadalajara (MX)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
1.56
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