Evaluation of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in type 1 diabetes patients and its relationship with some biomarkers

This work explored the differences in biochemical and immunologic indices between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy controls. Random blood sugar (298.1 mg/dL) and HbA1c level (11.08%) in T1DM patients were significantly higher than those of participants with no diabetes, as depicted by the results. They also had significantly lower C-peptide levels, demonstrating a serious decline in b-cell function. Furthermore, GADA was significantly more frequent in patients with T1DM, again indicating a strong autoimmune response. There were only marginal differences in the GADA levels between different age groups, which were not significant. Conclusion: The levels of RBS, HbA1c, and GADA were increased in T1DM patients, while C-peptide was decreased, revealing the coexistence of metabolic as well as autoimmune disease. These markers are essential for the identification and monitoring of disease.