Mobile health (mHealth) apps for ADHD: A systematic review of app quality and positive technology features

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as positive tools for enhancing physical and psychological well-being. These technologies offer valuable support for various mental health and behavioral conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study systematically reviews and evaluates ADHD mobile apps using the mobile application rating scale (MARS) to evaluate app quality and the personal experience factors for positive technology to identify positive technology features of the apps. Using the PRISMA protocol, a search was conducted on the Apple App Store and Google Play for ADHD apps available in English, free, and with star ratings. Of 829 apps, 17 met the inclusion criteria: 12 from the Apple App Store and five from Google Play. Overall, the quality of the reviewed apps was moderate. App functionality contribute positively to app quality. The lack of engagement features, on the other hand, negatively affected ADHD app quality scores. These results indicate that mobile ADHD apps are primarily designed for psycho-education and to support users' in managing their ADHD, and not for social engagement. Positive correlations were found between the number of positive technological features and overall MARS scores." Features found in these apps positively correlate with higher engagement, improved aesthetics, and overall app quality. These findings underscore the importance of positive technological features in reinforcing user engagement and satisfaction, which is vital for improving the usability and effectiveness of ADHD mobile apps. The study offers a systematic method for user app selection that diverges from the traditional reliance on popularity influenced by crowd mentality. The study findings also provide a valuable resource for ADHD app developers, potentially encouraging the integration of positive technology features and evidence-based practices in mHealth app development.