Fetal histological changes due to abnormal coagulative genetic expression

Early pregnancy loss is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, affecting 10–20% of clinically confirmed pregnancies. Recurrent miscarriages in the first trimester are often linked to genetic abnormalities, which become more common as maternal age increases and with repeated pregnancy loss. Pregnancy also creates a natural hypercoagulable state due to hormonal changes, which increase clotting factors and reduce natural anticoagulants.In this study, women experiencing spontaneous abortion were selected from hospitals in the Middle Euphrates region. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound, and samples were sent for laboratory testing. A control group of 32 healthy women was included, and all participants gave informed consent. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of PAI-1 and fibrinogen beta genes. Fetal tissues were also examined histologically to assess tissue damage using ImageJ software. Results showed significant hemorrhage and disruption of epidermal structure in aborted fetal tissues. At all gestational ages, epidermal thickness in aborted fetuses was markedly lower than expected for normal development. Gene expression analysis indicated that both PAI-1 and fibrinogen β were significantly altered in patients compared with controls, with PAI-1 showing the greater change. The statistically significant p-values confirm that these differences are unlikely to be due to chance, supporting the potential involvement of these genes in pregnancy loss.