Prostate Cancer Disparities Between Public and Private Healthcare Patients in Tasmania, a Regional State of Australia

<b>Background</b>: Prostate cancer (PrCa) outcomes are inferior in regional and rural areas compared to metropolitan centres. We evaluated patterns of care in PrCa patients treated in public and private healthcare facilities in regional Tasmania. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study used clinicopathological data for 2180 PrCa patients diagnosed between 2015-2022. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses determined associations between treatment facility (public vs. private) and diagnostic and treatment factors. <b>Results</b>: A significantly greater proportion of public patients were from outer regional/remote areas (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.19-1.31), presented with higher-risk disease (PR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.22-2.00) and underwent active treatment compared to private patients (PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11). Men treated privately were most likely to have low-risk PrCa (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and be managed with active surveillance (AS, 52.9%). When stratified by disease risk, public patients with intermediate (<i>p</i> < 0.001) or very high-risk/metastatic disease (<i>p</i> = 0.003) were still significantly more likely to receive active treatment than private patients. Furthermore, except for very high-risk/metastatic patients, public patients took significantly longer to commence treatment, ranging between a mean difference of 40 to 59 days depending on risk category. <b>Conclusions</b>: In Tasmania, treatment pathways for PrCa patients differ significantly between public and private healthcare sectors and may contribute to poorer outcomes in regional and remote areas.