Optimal Energy Storage Allocation for Power Systems with High-Wind-Power Penetration Against Extreme-Weather Events

Frequent extreme-weather events pose severe challenges to the secure and economical operation of power systems with high renewable energy penetration. To strengthen grid resilience against such low-probability, high-impact events while maintaining good performance under normal conditions, this paper proposes an optimal energy storage allocation method for power systems with high-wind-power penetration. We first identify two representative extreme wind power events and develop a risk assessment model that jointly quantifies load-shedding volume and transmission-line security margins. On this basis, a multi-scenario joint siting-and-sizing optimization model is formulated over typical-day and extreme-day scenarios to minimize total system cost, including annualized investment cost, operating cost, and risk cost. To solve the model efficiently, a two-stage hierarchical solution strategy is designed: the first stage determines an investment upper bound from typical-day scenarios, and the second stage optimizes storage allocation under superimposed extreme-day scenarios within this bound, thereby balancing operating economy and extreme-weather resilience. Simulation results show that the proposed method reduces loss-of-load under extreme-weather scenarios by 32.46% while increasing storage investment cost by only 0.18%, significantly enhancing system resilience and transmission-line security margins at a moderate additional cost.