Big Data Empowering Civil Aircraft Health Management: A Full-Cycle Perspective

Civil aircraft that have obtained airworthiness certification—operating with complex structures under harsh service environments—are prone to abnormal states and potential failures. Aircraft health management, as a comprehensive integration of advanced technologies, embodies the overall engineering capability of civil aviation. The advent of big data has introduced new opportunities and challenges, driving the development of intelligent health management across the entire life cycle—from predictive strategies and real-time monitoring to anomaly detection and adaptive decision support. This paper reviews current applications and technological trends in big data-driven health management for all airworthiness-certified civil aviation aircraft, with a focus on real-time fault diagnosis, Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction, large-scale fault data analytics, and emerging approaches enabled by generative models. The analysis highlights the role, necessity, and future directions of these technologies in advancing sustainable and intelligent civil aviation.