The Influence of PAR 1 and Endothelin 1 on the Course of Specific Kidney Diseases

<b>Background</b>: PAR 1 (protease-activated receptor 1) and endothelin 1 are biomarkers that could be of significance in kidney diseases. <b>Methods</b>: We measured the plasma levels of PAR1 and endothelin 1 in patients with membranous nephropathy (<i>n</i> = 19), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (<i>n</i> = 30), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (<i>n</i> = 22), IgA nephropathy (<i>n</i> = 16), mesangial proliferative (non-IgA) glomerulonephritis (<i>n</i> = 7), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (<i>n</i> = 27), and hemodialysis (<i>n</i> = 26), as well as a healthy control group (<i>n</i> = 22). Then, for two years, we tracked the patients' clinical progress (creatinine, total protein, and albumin levels) and compared the outcomes with their initial PAR 1 and endothelin 1 levels. Moreover, we checked the correlations between PAR 1 and endothelin 1 and the results of anti-PAR1 and anti-ETAR (endothelin A receptor) evaluations. <b>Results</b>: Membranous nephropathy, FSGS, IgA nephropathy, CKD, and hemodialysis patients had higher PAR 1 levels than the control group. PAR 1 correlated with total protein, albumin in SLE, total protein in IgA nephropathy, and creatinine in CKD. Endothelin 1 correlated with albumin in membranous nephropathy, total protein, albumin, creatinine in FSGS, total protein in IgA nephropathy, total protein, and albumin in CKD. PAR 1 correlated with anti-PAR 1 in FSGS. Anti-ETAR correlated with anti-PAR 1 in membranous nephropathy, FSGS, and IgA nephropathy. <b>Conclusions</b>: PAR 1 levels are elevated in some kidney diseases compared to the healthy population. Both PAR 1 and endothelin 1 are supposed to be related to the clinical course of specific kidney diseases.