Immune Inflammation at the Crossroads of Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Trends, and Translational Perspectives

Research has shifted from associative links to mechanistic insights and early translational strategies. However, gaps remain between molecular and clinical domains, and causal pathways are underdeveloped. Future work should emphasize molecular-clinical integration, expand immunological targets, apply multi-omics and AI approaches, and strengthen international collaboration-particularly between China and the United States-to advance precision prevention and intervention in atherosclerotic ischemic stroke.