Factors Influencing the Success Rate of First Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows in Northern Bangladesh

This study the key risk factors affecting conception success at the first artificial insemination (FAI) among dairy cows in northern Bangladesh. Conducted from July 2024 to March 2025, the research covered 10districts across the Rangpur and Rajshahi divisions. A total of 942 cows were surveyed using structured interviews, along with both tabular and financial analyses. The overall FAI conception rate was 61.12%, with notable differences influenced by a range of genetic and non-genetic factors. Breed composition emerged as an important determinant. Cows with 87.5% Holstein Friesian (HF) blood have the highest exotic conception rate (82.7%), surpassing pure HF cows (73.1%). Notably, Sahiwal crossbred cows with 67.5% exotic blood achieved the highest overall FAI success rate at 84.2%. Among breed types, Holstein Friesian crosses (HFCs) recorded a conception rate of 68.7%. Cervical insemination had the highest success rate (90.1%), followed by uterine (78.6%) and vaginal (46.6%) routes. Cow parity significantly affected conception success. The highest rate (96.7%) was observed in cows at their fourth parity. Timing of insemination was also crucial; cows inseminated more than 18 hours after heat detection achieved an 88.8% conception rate. In conclusion, FAI success in dairy cows in northern Bangladesh is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including breed composition, insemination method, cow parity, timing post-estrus, technician experience, as well as feeding and health management. To improve outcomes, the study recommends enhancing farmer education, strengthening veterinary and AI technician support, and implementing regular reproductive health monitoring.