Numerical Analysis of Thermal Entropy Generation for a Nanofluid with Motile Microorganisms Through a Curved Artery: Theoretical Model of a Catheter Stent

The control of blood flow in biomedical devices such as catheters and stents is vital for treating arterial blockages and ensuring proper perfusion in diseased arteries. This study aims to analyze entropy generation and transport characteristics in a Jeffrey nanofluid containing motile microorganisms within the region between two coaxially curved tubes under an induced magnetic field. The model assumes a long-wavelength approximation and low Reynolds number conditions, where the outer curved tube exhibits a complex wavy surface and the inner tube remains rigid. The governing nonlinear equations, incorporating the effects of curvature, slip boundary condition, and magnetic Reynolds number, are solved numerically using the shooting and matching technique in Mathematica based on the Runge–Kutta–Merson method with Newton iteration. The results reveal that both curvature and magnetic field intensity enhance entropy generation near the boundary, while the presence of motile microorganisms induces a bioconvective effect that alters flow resistance and heat transfer. Overall, the study offers fresh knowledge about the thermodynamic irreversibility and bio-convective mechanisms relevant to magneto-nanofluid transport in biomedical microtubes