Good and bad memories in the construction of European identity: A frame analysis on Germany’s attachment to the European Union

Abstract This study examines the impact of national memory on the construction of Germany as a member state devoted to the European project and identity. More specifically, it attempts to understand, in a comparative manner, what functions “good” and “bad” memories play in Germany’s attachment to the European Union (EU). The aim of this inquiry is not only to reveal the main historical events and episodes that shape German leaders’ perceptions with regard to the EU, but also to detect the degree of differentiation between the “good” and “bad” memories in this process. In order to fulfill this task, the study focuses on the Merkel era, which covers the period from 2005 to 2021. Through inductive frame analysis, it explores the historical frames utilized by German leaders in relation to Germany’s attachment to the European project and identity. The relevant dataset covers the texts of speeches delivered by Chancellor Merkel, as well as those of foreign ministers and federal presidents who held office during Merkel’s chancellorship. In light of the findings of this textual analysis, it is emphasized that national memory is a significant element in the construction of Germany’s European identity, given the high frequency of history-related frames. Yet “good” and “bad” memories serve distinct functions, as good memories are translated into Germany’s sense of debt and gratitude, while bad memories are framed as lessons that underscore the importance of the European project and identity.