Probing stellar rotation in the Pleiades with gravity-mode pulsators

Context. Due to their proximity, the Pleiades are an important benchmark open cluster. Despite its status, asteroseismic analyses of its members are rare. In particular, the gravity-mode (g-mode) pulsators, which allow near-core stellar properties to be inferred, have not been analysed yet. Aims. We aim to identify and analyse the population of g-mode pulsators in the Pleiades. Our focus lies on the internal rotation as measured from asteroseismology to obtain a well-defined sample of stellar rotation on the early main sequence. Methods. Based on full-frame images from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we constructed light curves for intermediate-mass Pleiades members and searched for g-mode pulsators among them. For pulsators exhibiting period spacing patterns, we determined their near-core rotation rate and buoyancy periods. For all other g-mode pulsators, we estimated the near-core rotation rate based on the dominant mode frequency to obtain a comprehensive rotation rate distribution. Results. Among our 105 target stars, we find 28 g-mode pulsators distributed across the entire upper main sequence, 19 of which are hybrid pulsators, but only three stars exhibit period spacing patterns in the current TESS data. The near-core rotation rates in A- and early F-type members are distributed between 1 and 3 d−1 without any clear mass-dependence. This distribution is much broader than the one in the similar open cluster NGC 2516. A comparison of the buoyancy periods shows that the Pleiades and NGC 2516 are of a similar asteroseismic age. Conclusions. With the large population of g-mode and hybrid pulsators, the Pleiades constitute a valuable asteroseismic benchmark cluster, reaffirming its important role in stellar astrophysics.

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Publication Details

Journal
Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Published
2026-02-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557416/pdf
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
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article

Probing stellar rotation in the Pleiades with gravity-mode pulsators

C. Aerts, G. Li, A. Kemp, D.J. Fritzewski
Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
article

Probing stellar rotation in the Pleiades with gravity-mode pulsators

C. Aerts, G. Li, A. Kemp, D.J. Fritzewski
article en

Abstract

Context. Due to their proximity, the Pleiades are an important benchmark open cluster. Despite its status, asteroseismic analyses of its members are rare. In particular, the gravity-mode (g-mode) pulsators, which allow near-core stellar properties to be inferred, have not been analysed yet. Aims. We aim to identify and analyse the population of g-mode pulsators in the Pleiades. Our focus lies on the internal rotation as measured from asteroseismology to obtain a well-defined sample of stellar rotation on the early main sequence. Methods. Based on full-frame images from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we constructed light curves for intermediate-mass Pleiades members and searched for g-mode pulsators among them. For pulsators exhibiting period spacing patterns, we determined their near-core rotation rate and buoyancy periods. For all other g-mode pulsators, we estimated the near-core rotation rate based on the dominant mode frequency to obtain a comprehensive rotation rate distribution. Results. Among our 105 target stars, we find 28 g-mode pulsators distributed across the entire upper main sequence, 19 of which are hybrid pulsators, but only three stars exhibit period spacing patterns in the current TESS data. The near-core rotation rates in A- and early F-type members are distributed between 1 and 3 d−1 without any clear mass-dependence. This distribution is much broader than the one in the similar open cluster NGC 2516. A comparison of the buoyancy periods shows that the Pleiades and NGC 2516 are of a similar asteroseismic age. Conclusions. With the large population of g-mode and hybrid pulsators, the Pleiades constitute a valuable asteroseismic benchmark cluster, reaffirming its important role in stellar astrophysics.

Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Openalex Percentile: Top 96%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
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Probing stellar rotation in the Pleiades with gravity-mode pulsators — C. Aerts, G. Li, et al. · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS