99 Immersive Surgical Training on a Budget: Evaluating a Low-Cost VR Headset for Robotic Upper Gastrointestinal Procedures

Abstract Aim This study assessed the educational value of a novel, low-cost virtual reality headset system designed for stereoscopic 3D viewing of robotic upper gastrointestinal surgery, targeting medical students and junior doctors. Method Ten participants observed robotic surgical procedures using a prototype 3D video streaming system in combination with a phone-based VR headset. Following the experience, participants completed a structured questionnaire evaluating immersion, ease of use, comfort, spatial understanding, and overall educational value. Responses were collected using Likert scales and open-text feedback. Results Ninety per cent of participants (9/10) rated the VR experience as highly immersive (score ≥4/5), with the same proportion reporting an improved understanding of robotic surgical procedures. All participants preferred the VR system over traditional 2D displays, particularly for conveying spatial awareness and depth perception. Key educational benefits included a clearer appreciation of the surgeon’s perspective and enhanced visualisation of anatomical depth. While 70 per cent found the headset comfortable to use, some noted limitations such as reduced image resolution and occasional latency. Despite these minor drawbacks, all participants supported the continued use of VR in surgical training, with 60 per cent strongly endorsing its integration. Suggested improvements focused on increasing image quality and enhancing headset ergonomics to further enrich the learning experience. Conclusions A low-cost VR headset system offers a highly immersive and educationally effective tool for observing robotic upper GI surgery. Its affordability and minimal setup requirements support its potential for broader adoption in surgical education.