A Novel High-Frequency Landslide Monitoring Device Based on MEMS Sensors and Real-Time Early Warning Method

To address the challenges of high cost, complex deployment, and difficulties in real-time early warning for small landslides near residential areas, a portable and low-cost high-frequency monitoring device based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMSs) was developed, and an advanced warning algorithm based on anomaly intensity factors was constructed. The device is easy to install and can collect and transmit data to the cloud in real time. Equipped with edge computing capabilities, it can independently analyze data in the absence of network connectivity and transmit real-time early warning information to terminals within a range of 5 km. To verify the performance of the system, a large-scale outdoor landslide simulation test site was constructed, where slope failure was induced through artificial rainfall to obtain the complete process data from deformation to failure. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed early warning algorithm effectively identified different stability levels, providing warnings up to 13 s prior to catastrophic failure, confirming the high sensitivity and reliability of the device. This study offers a cost-effective and efficient approach to landslide monitoring and early warning, with notable prospects for broader implementation in practice.