Unveiling Smoke Signals: An Empirical Examination of the Escalating Smoking Trend in Pakistan and Its Dual Impact on Health and Economy

This empirical study investigates the rising prevalence of smoking in Pakistan and its subsequent effects on health, economy and societal well-being using cross-sectional data. We have used statistical tools such as ANOVA and correlation analysis to analyse the results. Thirteen hundred and seventy-five (1375) participants took part in this survey across eight cities, and the dataset was collected through a study of smokers. Our findings reveal that more than 68% proportion of smokers belong to the lower income group. Moreover, 58.20% of uneducated individuals smoked compared to 39.73% of educated individuals. Results reveal that the smoking trend among emerging adults is increasing, and participants aged 55 and above suffer from more health issues due to smoking. Despite the higher health risk associated with smoking, ominously, the prevalence rate is rising speedily, which can eventually contribute to numerous health diseases. The economic costs, both in terms of wasted money spent on smoking and expenses incurred due to associated health issues, underscore the negative impact on public health and society. Results of this study reveal that more taxes should be levied on tobacco to discourage smoking among low-income groups. Finally, anti-smoking campaigns, health literacy programs, and seminars should be organized in institutions and public places. conflict of interest