The Development of the Bipolar Spectrum Theory: Concept, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnostics.

In my narrative paper, I describe the development of the bipolar spectrum concept and its clinical heterogeneity observed in everyday practice. I review relevant findings from biological marker research and phenomenology-based screening tools. Furthermore, I provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the bipolar spectrum theory, as well as the challenges of diagnosis. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2025; 27(4): 282-295)