Paraguay Before and After the War of the Triple Alliance: Demographic Devastation, Geopolitical Exclusion, and Economic Resilience

This paper is the English translation of a working paper originally published in Spanish. The content, analysis, and conclusions remain unchanged. The original Spanish version is available on Zenodo under its corresponding DOI. The paper analyzes Paraguay’s economic and institutional trajectory before and after the War of the Triple Alliance, emphasizing the demographic collapse, postwar reconstruction constraints, and the emergence of long-term macroeconomic prudence and monetary stability in comparative regional perspective.